• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

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  • FLORCZAK Joseph - c. 1936, source: www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    c. 1936
    source: www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Turek, source: www.mehoffer.org.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Turek
    source: www.mehoffer.org.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - 04.1928, St Stanislaus hospice, Botteghe Oscure Str., Rome, source: www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    04.1928, St Stanislaus hospice, Botteghe Oscure Str., Rome
    source: www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph; source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni (private correspondence, 09.11.2019), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni (private correspondence, 09.11.2019)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - 13.02.1928, Rome, source: audiovis.nac.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    13.02.1928, Rome
    source: audiovis.nac.gov.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph, source: www.csw2020.com.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    source: www.csw2020.com.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - 1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo; source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo
    source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - 1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo; source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo
    source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - 1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo; source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    1942, KL Auschwitz, concentration camp's photo
    source: Archives of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (www.auschwitz.org)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Contemporary portrait, KUL, Lublin, source: www.kul.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Contemporary portrait, KUL, Lublin
    source: www.kul.pl
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Author: Joseph Mehoffer, 1925, drawing, pencil on paper, 47,5×63 cm, source: zasoby.msl.org.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Author: Joseph Mehoffer, 1925, drawing, pencil on paper, 47,5×63 cm
    source: zasoby.msl.org.pl
    own collection

surname

FLORCZAK

forename(s)

Joseph (pl. Józef)

  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Commemorative plaques, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek; source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Commemorative plaques, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek
    source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Commemorative plaque, parish church, Buczek, source: panaszonik.blogspot.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Commemorative plaque, parish church, Buczek
    source: panaszonik.blogspot.com
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Commemorative plaques, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek; source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Commemorative plaques, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek
    source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019)
    own collection
  • FLORCZAK Joseph - Commemorative memorial, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek; source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019), own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOFLORCZAK Joseph
    Commemorative memorial, Holiest Heart of Jesus church, Turek
    source: thanks to Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni's kindness (private correspondence, 09.11.2019)
    own collection

function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Włocławek diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

Włocławek ie. Kalisz diocese

academic distinctions

Doctor of Law
Doctor of Sacred Theology

honorary titles

prelatemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]

Commander's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]
(Kalisz collegiate)
honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]
(Siedlce cathedral)
archdeakonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2015.09.30]
(Włocławek cathedral)
Doctor Honoris Causamore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]
(University of Paduamore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.10]
)

date and place
of death

20.04.1943

KL Dachauconcentration camp
today: Dachau, Upper Bavaria reg., Bavaria state, Germany

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2016.05.30]

details of death

After German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II, when German occupation started was in Warsaw.

Arrested by the Germans on 03.10.1939 and held as a hostage, prob. as prevention before triumphal arrival of German socialist leader, Adolf Hitler, in captured Warsaw, together with c. 250 Catholic priests and clerics in Pawiak prison.

Released on c. 11‑15.10.1939.

Managed to return to his Turek parish prior of setting up German–run General Governorate and closing its borders.

In c. 11.1939 arrested by the Germans in Poznań.

Beaten until he was covered with blood”.

Released for a short time and rearrested? Again released.

Finally arrested by the Germans at the beginning of 1942.

Prob. on 17.03.1942 transported to KL Auschwitz concentration camp, and from there on 03‑05.06.1942 to KL Dachau concentration camp where perished.

cause of death

extermination: exhaustion and starvation

perpetrators

Germans

date and place
of birth

25.09.1887

Luciejówtoday: Buczek gm., Łask pov., Łódź voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

alt. dates and places
of birth

25.08.1883, 25.09.1883, 25.10.1887

Brzykówtoday: Widawa gm., Łask pov., Łódź voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.05]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

07.08.1910

positions held

1936 – 1942

dean — Turektoday: Turek gm., Turek pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.11]
RC deanery

1931 – 1942

parish priest — Turektoday: Turek gm., Turek pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.11]
⋄ Sacred Heart of Jesus RC parish ⋄ Turektoday: Turek gm., Turek pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.11]
RC deanery

1920 – 1931

rector — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr RC church

1920 – 1929

treasury officer / procurator — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ łac. Congregatio pro Sacri Ritibus (Eng. Congregation of Sacred Rites), Roman Curia

1920 – 1929

consultor — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
Lat. Sacra Congregatio de Disciplina Sacramentorum (Eng. Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments), Roman Curia

1920 – 1929

auditor — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
Lat. „Tribunal Rotae Romanae”, Roman Curia

1920 – 1927

employee — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
Lat. Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Eng. Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), Roman Curia

16.05.1922

Doctor Honoris Causa — Paduatoday: Padua, Veneto reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.06]
⋄ University of Padua

1919 – 1920

dean — Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ Department of Canon Law and Moral Sciences, [Catholic University of Lublin KUL (since 1928) / clandestine Catholic University of Lublin KUL (1939‑1944) / University of Lublin (1918‑1928)]

1918 – 1922

professor — Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ Department of Canon Law and Moral Sciences, [Catholic University of Lublin KUL (since 1928) / clandestine Catholic University of Lublin KUL (1939‑1944) / University of Lublin (1918‑1928)]

1915 – 1918

professor — Sankt Petersburgtoday: Saint Petersburg city, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
⋄ Imperial Roman Catholic Spiritual Academy (1842‑1918)

1913 – 1914

PhD student — Rometoday: Rome prov., Lazio reg., Italy
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ law, „Angelicum”, i.e. [Lat. Pontificia Universitas Studiorum a Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe / Eng. Pontifical University of St Thomas Aquinas (today); Lat. Pontificium Institutum Internationale / Eng. Pontifical International Institute (1926‑1963); Lat. Pontificium Collegium / Eng. Pontifical College (1906‑1926); Lat. Collegium / Eng. College (until 1906)] — PhD thesis Lat. „De caelibatu cleri Poloniae” (Eng. „On the celibacy of the Polish clergy”), public defense on 03.07.1919

1910 – 1913

student — Sankt Petersburgtoday: Saint Petersburg city, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Imperial Roman Catholic Spiritual Academy (1842‑1918) — postgraduate specialised studies crowned with a Sacred Theology Master's degree

1903 – 1909

student — Włocławektoday: Włocławek city pov., Kuyavia–Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

KL Dachau (prisoner no: 30277Click to display biography): KL Dachau in German Bavaria, set up in 1933, became the main concentration camp for Catholic priests and religious during World War II: On c. 09.11.1940, Reichsführer–SS Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, Gestapo and German police, as a result of the Vatican's intervention, decided to transfer all clergymen detained in various concentration camps to KL Dachau camp. The first major transports took place on 08.12.1940. In KL Dachau Germans held approx. 3,000 priests, including 1,800 Poles. The priests were forced to slave labor in the Germ. „Die Plantage” — the largest herb garden in Europe, managed by the genocidal SS, consisting of many greenhouses, laboratory buildings and arable land, where experiments with new natural medicines were conducted — for many hours, without breaks, without protective clothing, no food. They slaved in construction, e.g. of camp's crematorium. In the barracks ruled hunger, freezing cold in the winter and suffocating heat during the summer. Prisoners suffered from bouts of illnesses, including tuberculosis. Many were victims of murderous „medical experiments” — in 11.1942 c. 20 were given phlegmon injections; in 07.1942 to 05.1944 c. 120 were used by for malaria experiments. More than 750 Polish clerics where murdered by the Germans, some brought to Schloss Hartheim euthanasia centre and murdered in gas chambers. At its peak KL Dachau concentration camps’ system had nearly 100 slave labour sub–camps located throughout southern Germany and Austria. There were c. 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands perished without a trace. C. 10,000 of the 30,000 inmates were found sick at the time of liberation, on 29.04.1945, by the USA troops… (more on: www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30]
)

KL Auschwitz (prisoner no: 26870Click to display biography): German KL Auschwitz concentration camp (Germ. Konzentrationslager) and death camp (Germ. Vernichtungslager) camp was set up by Germans around 27.01.1940 n. Oświęcim, on the German territory (initially in Germ. Provinz Schlesien — Silesia Province; and from 1941 Germ. Provinz Oberschlesien — Upper Silesia Province). Initially mainly Poles were interned. From 1942 it became the centre for holocaust of European Jews. Part of the KL Auschwitz concentration camps’ complex was death camp (Germ. Vernichtungslager) KL Auschwitz II Birkenau, located not far away from the main camp. There Germans murder possibly in excess of million people, mainly Jews, in gas chambers. Altogether In excess of 400 priests and religious went through the KL Auschwitz, approx. 40% of which were murdered (mainly Poles). (more on: en.auschwitz.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]
, www.meczennicy.pelplin.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.07.06]
)

KL Posen: German Posen — Fort VII — camp founded in c. 10.10.1939 in Poznań till mid of 11.1939 operated formally as KL Posen concentration camp (Germ. Konzentrationslager), and this term is used throughout the White Book, also later periods. It was first such a concentration camp set up by the Germans on Polish territory — in case of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) directly incorporated into German Reich. In 10.1939 in KL Posen for the first time Germans used gas to murder civilian population, in particular patients of local psychiatric hospitals. From 11.1939 the camp operated as German political police Gestapo prison and transit camp (Germ. Übergangslager), prior to sending off to concentration camps, such as KL Dachau or KL Auschwitz. In 28.05.1941 the camp was rebranded as police jail and slave labour corrective camp (Germ. Arbeitserziehungslager). At its peak up to 7‑9 executions were carried in the camp per day, there were mass hangings of the prisoners and some of them were led out to be murdered elsewhere, outside of the camp. Altogether in KL Posen Germans exterminated approx. 20,000 inhabitants of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) region, including many representatives of Polish intelligentsia, patients and staff of psychiatric hospitals and dozen or so Polish priests. Hundreds of priests were held there temporarily prior to transport to other concentration camps, mainly KL Dachau. From 03.1943 the camp had been transformed into an industrial complex (from 25.04.1944 — Telefunken factory manufacturing radios for submarines and aircrafts). (more on: www.wmn.poznan.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.27]
)

Poznań (Soldiers's House): From 12.09.1939 a Poznań prison for Poles, mainly those suspected of clandestine resistance activities, run by German Gestapo. Famed torture and interrogation centre. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pawiak: Investigative prison in Warsaw, built by the Russian occupiers of Poland in 1830‑1835. During the Poland partition's period, a Russian investigative prison, both criminal and political. During World War II and the German occupation, the largest German prison in the General Government. Initially, it was subordinate to the Justice Department of the General Governorate, and from 03.1940 Germ. Sicherheitspolizei und des Sicherheitsdienst (Eng. Security Police and Security Service) of the Warsaw District — in particular the German Secret Political Police Gestapo. c. 3,000 prisoners were kept in Pawiak permanently, of which about 2,200 in the men's unit and c. 800 in the women's unit (the so‑called Serbia) — with a „capacity” of c. 1,000 prisoners. In total, in the years 1939‑1944, c. 100,000 Poles passed through the prison, of which c. 37,000 were murdered in executions — from 10.1943 Pawiak prisoners were murdered in open executions on the streets of Warsaw (sometimes several times a day) — during interrogations, in cells or in a prison „hospital”, and c. 60,000 were taken in 95 transports to concentration camps (mainly KL Auischwitz), other places of isolation or to forced labor. The prison Germans demolished during the Warsaw Uprising in 08‑10.1944. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.08.17]
)

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‑called General Governorate where it was called «AB‑aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04]
)

Collective responsibility („Hostages”): A criminal practice implemented by the Germans in the occupied territories of Poland, applied from the very first day of World War II. At its core was an appointment and public announcement of a list of names of selected people whose lives depended on absolute compliance with German orders. Any violation of these ordinances, by any person, regardless of the circumstances, resulted in the murder of the designated „hostages”. In the first days of the war and occupation, it was used i.a. by the German Wehrmacht army to prevent acts of continuation of the defense by the Poles. Later, especially in the German–run General Governorate, it was part of the official policy of the occupation authorities — collective responsibility for any acts of resistance to the occupier's practices. For the life of one German, even if death was due to customary reasons, the Germans carried out executions from a dozen to even a hundred Poles previously designated as „hostages”.

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

sources

personal:
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[access: 2013.10.05]
, naszswiat.itClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.11.11]
, arolsen-archives.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, www.ipgs.usClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]

bibliographical:
Victims of German crime among Włocławek diocese clergy”, Fr Stanislav Librowski, „Włocławek Diocese Chronicle”, 07‑08.1947
Ms Agatha Rola-Bruni, private correspondence, 11.2019
original images:
www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.18]
, www.mehoffer.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.10.05]
, www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.18]
, audiovis.nac.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14]
, www.csw2020.com.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.18]
, www.auschwitz.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
, www.auschwitz.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
, www.auschwitz.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
, www.kul.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14]
, zasoby.msl.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.05.30]
, panaszonik.blogspot.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.08.18]

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