function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Kamianets diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.23]
Lutsk-Zhytomyr diocese (aeque principaliter)more on
www.catholic-hierarchy.org
[access: 2021.12.19]

date and place
of death

29.11.1937

Gomeltoday: Gomel dist., Gomel reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]

alt. dates and places
of death

1937 (after)

Karachevtoday: Karachev urban, Karachev reg., Bryansk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
Bryansktoday: Bryansk city reg., Bryansk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]

details of death

alt. details of death

cause of death

murder

perpetrators

Russians

date and place
of birth

06.04.1882

Yarmolyntsitoday: Yarmolyntsi hrom., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1905

positions held

others related
in death

KUROWSKIClick to display biography Anthony

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

11.08.1937 Russian genocide: On 11.08.1937 Russian leader Stalin decided and NKWD head, Nicholas Jeżow, signed a „Polish operation” executive order no 00485. 139,835 Poles living in Russia were thus sentenced summarily to death. According to the records of the „Memorial” International Association for Historical, Educational, Charitable and Defense of Human Rights ” (Rus. Международное историко–просветительское, правозащитное и благотворительное общество „Мемориал”), specialising with historical research and promoting knowledge about the victims of Russian repressions — 111,091 were murdered. 28,744 were sentenced to deportation to concentration camps in Gulag. Altogether however more than 100,000 Poles were deported, mainly to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Kharkov and Dniepropetrovsk. According to some historians, the number of victims should be multiplied by at least two, because not only the named persons were murdered, but entire Polish families (the mere suspicion of Polish nationality was sufficient). Taking into account the fact that the given number does not include the genocide in eastern Russia (Siberia), the number of victims may be as high as 500,000 Poles. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14])

Great Purge 1937: In the summer of 1937 Polish Catholic priests held in Solovetsky Islands, Anzer Island and BelBaltLag were locked in prison cells (some in Sankt Petersburg). Next in a few kangaroo, murderous Russian trials (on 09.10.1937, 25.11.1937, among others) run by so‑called „Troika NKVD” all were sentenced to death. They were subsequently executed by a single shot to the back of the head. The murders took place either in Sankt Petersburg prison or directly in places of mass murder, e.g. Sandarmokh or Levashov Wilderness, where their bodies were dumped into the ditches. Other priests were arrested in the places they still ministered in and next murdered in local NKVD headquarters (e.g. in Minsk in Belarus), after equally genocidal trials run by aforementioned „Troika NKVD” kangaroo courts.

Forced exile: One of the standard Russian forms of repression. The prisoners were usually taken to a small village in the middle of nowhere — somewhere in Siberia, in far north or far east — dropped out of the train carriage or a cart, left out without means of subsistence or place to live. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

KemLag: Sub–camp of BelBaltLag concentration camp group in Karelia republik, on the shores of White Sea. Many Catholic priests were held captive there on their way to or from Solovetsky Islands concentration camps. (more on: www.gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

Solovetsky Islands: Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp SLON (ros. Солове́цкий ла́герь осо́бого назначе́ния) — Russian concentration camp and forced labour camp, on Solovetsky Islands, in operation from 1923 and initially founded on the site of famous former Orthodox monastery. Functioned till 1939 (in 1936‑9 as a prison). In 1920 the largest concentration camp in Russia. Place of slave labour and murder of hundreds of mainly Christian, including Catholic, priests, especially in 1920s and 1930s. The concept of future Russian slave labour concentration camps system Gulag its beginnings prob. can trace to camps of Solovetsky Islands — from there spread to the camps along Belamor canal (Baltic Sea — White Sea), and from there to all regions of Russian state. From the network of camps on Solovetsky Islands — also called Solovetsky Archipelago — Alexander Solzhenitsyn prob. formed his famous term of „Gulag Archipelago”. It is estimated that tens to hundreds of thousands prisoners were held in Solovetsky Islands camps. In 1937‑8 c. 9.500 prisoners were brought out of the camp and murdered in a number of execution sites, including Sandarmokh and Lodeynoye Polye, including many Catholic priests. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

Gulag: Network of Russian slave labour concentration camps. At any given time up to 12 mln inmates where held in them, milions perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

Jaroslav on Volga river: Harsh Russian prison for political prisoners — so‑called polit–isolator — where dozens of catholic priest were held by the Russians, mainly in 1930s, before sending them to Solovetsky Islands concentration camp.

Kotlas: Russian investigative and penal prison, at the center of a number of concentration camps (among them KolasLag), a the start of Kotlas–Vorkuta railway line.

1839 Kharkiv trials: Series of group trials of Polish Catholic priests ministering in Ukraine, by a so‑called „Troika NKVD”, a Russian murderous kangaroo court that took place in 1930 in Kharkov (among others on 17.05.1930 and 27‑30.06.1930). Most of the priest were sentences to years of slave labour in concentration camps and subsequently sent first to Yaroslav on Volga river prison and next to Solovetsky Island concentration camp.

Kharkiv (prison): Russian criminal prison where in the 1930s a number of Catholic priests were held prior to being sent to Russian concentration camps.

Kiev (Lyukyanivska): Russian political prison in Kiev, in the first half of 20th century run by the genocidal NKVD, informally referred to as prison No 1, formally as Investigative Prison No 13 (SIZO#13). It was founded in the early 19th century. In the 20th century, during the Soviet times, the prison church was transformed into another block of cells. During the reign of J. Stalin in Russia, more than 25,000 prisoners passed through it. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

sources

personal:
biographies.library.nd.eduClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], christking.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02], nashkraj.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02], catholic.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14], przegladpolskopolonijny.files.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], katolik.lifeClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02], naviny.byClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02], www.pan-ol.lublin.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
bibliograhical:, „Fate of the Catholic clergy in USSR 1917‑39. Martyrology”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin,
original images:
ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]